Oprah Winfrey is a leader essays

Oprah Winfrey is a pioneer papers Oprah Winfrey is undoughtably a predominant pioneer. She experienced numerous extreme occasions for a mind-blowing duration and came out emphatically. Much the same as may different pioneers today. Oprah additionally had a captivating life. That is the reason I picker her for a twentieth century pioneer. Undoughtably Oprah is an unrivaled pioneer since she experienced numerous extreme occasions and she never surrendered. At the point when she was youthful, her family members explicitly mishandled her. She didnt surrender however and to me that is the thing that I think makes her a decent pioneer. In any event, something as sad as that, she didn't surrender. Rather she moved and exceeded expectations in school. She made passing marks and grants to the University of Tennessee. She is an amazingly astute individual with a mindful heart. Any pioneer must be savvy. Oprah is additionally a mindful individual yet she can keep up her administration characteristics even while she wants to think about it. Oprah is additionally a decent pioneer since when she was explicitly manhandled she transformed the negative vitality into positive vitality by exceeding expectations in school. Oprah additionally set objectives and accomplished them. Oprah lost a great deal of weight when she originally bega n her TV appear. She shed 90 pounds and accomplished her objective. All pioneers need to set objectives and do what ever it takes to accomplish them. Oprah additionally has had a great deal of regard from the entirety of the magnificent things she has done. All pioneer need regard from their adherents. In the event that you dont have regard individuals wont tune in and follow the pioneer. Oprah has additionally helped numerous individuals all through her lifetime. Oprah has been a moderator, entertainer, and TV film maker. So you know shes ready to attempt knew things and is fit for learning new things. A pioneer is continually learning new things and is facing challenges by learning the employments. On the off chance that you find another line of work you have the danger of not learning the activity right and getting terminated. Be that as it may, Oprah took in her employments and exceeded expectations in them, much the same as she did in school. Oprah is additionally an incredibly decent open speaker. Indeed ... <!

Writing Research Papers Complete Guide

Writing Research Papers Complete Guide Ten Simple Rules for Writing Research Papers Lots of college students struggle with their research papers that are usually assigned to them in practically all college classes. Feeling at a loss, many of them start googling and looking for ‘writing research paper a complete guide’. There are different methods that present the essentials for writing research papers. But is it possible to find a unique guide that can be suitable for everyone? I don’t think so. Writing an impressive research paper can be challenging and every student should choose his/her own way and unique method that works and bring the best results. Here is an easy guide for writing research papers that will help you better understand the writing process. Feel free to use the methods described here, or think of your own ones. Let’s start with 10 rules that will help you write an ‘A’ paper. Do don’t postpone your work until the last night when your research paper is due. Always start early and you will have an opportunity to look for help with any problems you may encounter and feel less stressed. Always follow the directions given by your instructor. It’s an easy way to get good marks as they present the minimal expectations of your paper. For example, if the instruction says you have to give 8 sources, you should give at least 8 sources. But it would be better to show initiative and give two or three more. ‘Nail’ your introduction and conclusion. It’s crucial to make a good first impression and to leave a lasting good one. In this way, you can increase your chances of getting a higher mark even if the body of your research paper is average. Treat your research paper as an ‘hourglass’. Write your paper in such a way that the issues you discuss are the broadest at the top (Introduction) and at the bottom (Conclusion/Discussion). Start your introduction with a broad context and then narrow down to the specific issues (The Thesis Statement and the Body). When writing your conclusion, begin with specific issues and move to the broadest context). Use sub-headings in your research paper that help organize your thoughts and make research and writing easier. If you find it difficult to write your ideas in full complete sentences from the start, use point form under appropriate subheadings. Don’t mind your spelling and grammar and leave your ideas for some time. Later, organize your ideas into logical sequences and only then start writing, and transform your points into sentences and paragraphs. Write your research paper using short, concise sentences and use academic English for writing research papers (you can find academic word lists on the web). Write short paragraphs to keep your ideas organized and use ‘hamburger’ method. After you have finished writing your research paper, leave it for at least 1 day and do something else. Then, read your paper again and make sure it is well-written and you like it. Finally, make sure your paper is formatted properly and proofread it to eliminate typos and small grammar and spelling errors. Ten Steps for Writing Research Papers Research paper writing process can be divided into 10 logical steps. Choose a topic of your paper, keeping in mind your intended audience and available resources. You’d better select a topic that interests you and that you have an opinion or a viewpoint about. Narrow your topic and focus on a limited aspect of it, keeping in mind the length of your research paper. Write the thesis statement â€" the viewpoint you are going to support in your paper. It will help you select sources and limit your note taking. Write a preliminary bibliography â€" a list of articles and books relevant to your topic that you can use for conducting your research. Evaluate your sources and choose only the credible ones. Create a working outline that will help you organize your ideas logically and make the process of notetaking and writing a draft easier. Your outline should include an Introduction, a Body, and a Conclusion. Take and organize your notes by paraphrasing and summarizing the content of the sources. Make the final outline for your research paper and divide your topics into several subtopics. Write your rough draft. Concentrate on the content of your research paper and do not worry about spelling and punctuation since your first draft has to be revised and rewritten several times. Edit your research paper. Check the content, organization of the paper, logic, flow, and consistency. Make sure that each idea is supported by appropriate evidence. Improve your word choice, eliminate grammar and spelling errors. Check your citations and make sure they are formatted properly in APA or MLA style of writing research papers. Write the final draft of your research paper, and add the bibliography and the title page if needed. Proofread your paper for typos and mechanical errors before you submit it. As you see, writing a research paper is a long process that requires much hard work and strong analytical and critical thinking skills. We hope that this quick guide for research papers will be useful for you. But if you encounter any problem when completing the whole research paper or a part of it, for example, when writing abstracts for research papers, there is no need to get frustrated. You can get professional writing help on our custom paper writing service and order a model research paper on your topic to save time and get high grades.

Writing Research Papers Complete Guide

Writing Research Papers Complete Guide Ten Simple Rules for Writing Research Papers Lots of college students struggle with their research papers that are usually assigned to them in practically all college classes. Feeling at a loss, many of them start googling and looking for ‘writing research paper a complete guide’. There are different methods that present the essentials for writing research papers. But is it possible to find a unique guide that can be suitable for everyone? I don’t think so. Writing an impressive research paper can be challenging and every student should choose his/her own way and unique method that works and bring the best results. Here is an easy guide for writing research papers that will help you better understand the writing process. Feel free to use the methods described here, or think of your own ones. Let’s start with 10 rules that will help you write an ‘A’ paper. Do don’t postpone your work until the last night when your research paper is due. Always start early and you will have an opportunity to look for help with any problems you may encounter and feel less stressed. Always follow the directions given by your instructor. It’s an easy way to get good marks as they present the minimal expectations of your paper. For example, if the instruction says you have to give 8 sources, you should give at least 8 sources. But it would be better to show initiative and give two or three more. ‘Nail’ your introduction and conclusion. It’s crucial to make a good first impression and to leave a lasting good one. In this way, you can increase your chances of getting a higher mark even if the body of your research paper is average. Treat your research paper as an ‘hourglass’. Write your paper in such a way that the issues you discuss are the broadest at the top (Introduction) and at the bottom (Conclusion/Discussion). Start your introduction with a broad context and then narrow down to the specific issues (The Thesis Statement and the Body). When writing your conclusion, begin with specific issues and move to the broadest context). Use sub-headings in your research paper that help organize your thoughts and make research and writing easier. If you find it difficult to write your ideas in full complete sentences from the start, use point form under appropriate subheadings. Don’t mind your spelling and grammar and leave your ideas for some time. Later, organize your ideas into logical sequences and only then start writing, and transform your points into sentences and paragraphs. Write your research paper using short, concise sentences and use academic English for writing research papers (you can find academic word lists on the web). Write short paragraphs to keep your ideas organized and use ‘hamburger’ method. After you have finished writing your research paper, leave it for at least 1 day and do something else. Then, read your paper again and make sure it is well-written and you like it. Finally, make sure your paper is formatted properly and proofread it to eliminate typos and small grammar and spelling errors. Ten Steps for Writing Research Papers Research paper writing process can be divided into 10 logical steps. Choose a topic of your paper, keeping in mind your intended audience and available resources. You’d better select a topic that interests you and that you have an opinion or a viewpoint about. Narrow your topic and focus on a limited aspect of it, keeping in mind the length of your research paper. Write the thesis statement â€" the viewpoint you are going to support in your paper. It will help you select sources and limit your note taking. Write a preliminary bibliography â€" a list of articles and books relevant to your topic that you can use for conducting your research. Evaluate your sources and choose only the credible ones. Create a working outline that will help you organize your ideas logically and make the process of notetaking and writing a draft easier. Your outline should include an Introduction, a Body, and a Conclusion. Take and organize your notes by paraphrasing and summarizing the content of the sources. Make the final outline for your research paper and divide your topics into several subtopics. Write your rough draft. Concentrate on the content of your research paper and do not worry about spelling and punctuation since your first draft has to be revised and rewritten several times. Edit your research paper. Check the content, organization of the paper, logic, flow, and consistency. Make sure that each idea is supported by appropriate evidence. Improve your word choice, eliminate grammar and spelling errors. Check your citations and make sure they are formatted properly in APA or MLA style of writing research papers. Write the final draft of your research paper, and add the bibliography and the title page if needed. Proofread your paper for typos and mechanical errors before you submit it. As you see, writing a research paper is a long process that requires much hard work and strong analytical and critical thinking skills. We hope that this quick guide for research papers will be useful for you. But if you encounter any problem when completing the whole research paper or a part of it, for example, when writing abstracts for research papers, there is no need to get frustrated. You can get professional writing help on our custom paper writing service and order a model research paper on your topic to save time and get high grades.

Microfinance in Philippines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2509 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Development Essay Did you like this example? COUNTRY ANALYSIS UNIT FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN FRANCISCO JANUARY 2010 Microfinance in the Philippines uring the last few years, the volume of microfinance activity has grown considerably in the Philippines and an increasing number of financial institutions have engaged in retail microfinance operations. While this sector has been traditionally dominated by rural banks, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and finance cooperatives, in 2009 a number of commercial banks sought entrance into the retail microfinance market. This Asia Focus report reviews the growth of the Philippines microfinance industry and discusses the implications of commercial banks entering this market. What is Microfinance? The Philippines central bank, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), defines microfinance as the provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers and insurance products to the poor and low-income households and their microent erprises. The financial service most commonly provided is microcredit, which is typically issued in the form of a specific business loan for microenterprise purposes. A key defining characteristic of a microfinance loan is the ability to secure credit without collateral. In the Philippines, microfinance loans cannot exceed PhP 150,000 (US$3,218). ii Microfinance providers in the Philippines often employ a group lending approach, whereby each person within a small group is liable for any default by another group member. Other group lending-based methodologies being used in the Philippines include the ASA model, whereby each group member is responsible only for his or her own loan, and the Alliance of Philippine Partners in Enterprise Development (APPEND) Scale-Up Branch Model, which is based on the Trust Bank model. iii,iv Development of Microfinance in the Philippines The Philippines’ microfinance sector is credited as one of the oldest and most active in the world. v Whil e the roots of microfinance activity date back to the early 1900s through cooperatives, microfinance, as D described today, surfaced in the 1980s and was codified into national law in 1997 with the signing of the Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act (RA 8425), and the establishment of both the National Anti-Poverty Commission and the National Strategy for Microfinance. With approximately 33% of the country’s 92 million population considered to be living below the poverty threshold, poverty alleviation is one of the government’s top priorities and microfinance is a primary tool to address this issue. i The ultimate goal of the government’s National Strategy for Microfinance is to create a sustainable private microfinance market, where the private sector drives market dynamics, such as products and pricing, and the government’s role is limited to providing an environment which enables the market to thrive. The General Banking Law of 2000, which mand ated the recognition of microfinance as a legitimate banking activity, is one of the primary catalysts for accelerated growth and commercialization of microfinance over the last several years. The law empowered the BSP to create measures recognizing microfinance providers as banking institutions and to provide regulatory guidelines specific to the microfinance portfolios for institutions falling under the BSP’s purview. Furthermore, banks engaging in microfinance activities were given certain allowances and relieved of certain restrictions; for example, they were granted exemption from a moratorium on branch licensing. Today, the BSP defines its commitment to the development of microfinance in the Philippines in three specific ways: i) providing an enabling policy and regulatory environment, ii) increasing the capacity of the BSP and banking sector with respect to microfinance operations, and iii) promoting and advocating the development of sound and sustainable microfi nance operations. vii Historically, the provision of retail microfinance services in the Philippines was achieved through rural and thrift banking organizations, as well as NGOs and finance cooperatives. Government financing programs also participated in the retail market. The BSP reports Asia Focus is a periodic newsletter issued by the Country Analysis Unit of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. The information contained in this newsletter is meant to provide useful context and insight into current economic and financial sector developments in the Asia Pacific region. The views expressed in this publication are solely that of the author and do not necessarily represent the position of the Federal Reserve System. that government financing programs are transitioning away from direct retail business activities and toward providing wholesale funding for private microfinance institutions. Transitioning away from direct retail microfinance activity brings the government clo ser to achieving the ultimate goal of having a limited role in the microfinance market, as outlined in the National Strategy for Microfinance. Meanwhile, the private banking sector is playing an increasing role in the provision of microloans. Microfinance activity across the Philippines banking sector, as measured by the size of microloan portfolios at thrift, rural and cooperative banks, nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 alone (see Chart 1). During the same time period, the number of microfinance borrowers grew by 40%. PhP Millions 7,000   6,000   5,000   4,000   3,000   2,000   1,000   ? 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total  Rural  Banks  Microloan  Portfolio Total  Thrift  Banks  Microloan  Portfolio All  data  is  as  of  June  30 Total  Cooperative  Banks  Microloan  Portfolio Source:  BSP The Changing Role of Commercial Banks in Microfinance Traditionally, commercial banks’ role in the Philippines microfinance market has be en exclusively through wholesale lending, by providing funds to microfinance institutions which then re-lend the funds in the form of microcredit, and the provision of general financial services to microfinance institutions. However, in the face of heightened competition and a challenging operating environment due to the global financial and economic crisis, commercial banks are seeking new viable revenue options. As a result, some commercial banks recently have entered into the retail microfinance market. For example, Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation, the nation’s seventh largest lender, acquired JP Laurel Rural Bank in February 2009 and issued its first microfinance loan in July through JP Laurel Rural Bank’s branches. x This marked the first microfinance retail operation by a large commercial bank in the Philippines. Since then, Asia United Bank, ranked twentieth by asset size, acquired Rural Bank of Angeles to take advantage of its microfinance network. x i In addition, Bank of the Philippine Islands, the nation’s third largest lender and the first privately owned commercial bank to engage in wholesale microfinance lending, was granted permission to launch the country’s first mobile microfinance bank. xii Demand for microfinance loans is expected to increase considerably over the next year as a key part of the rebuilding of Metro Manila, which was severely damaged by typhoon Ketsana in September 2009. Further demand is anticipated from displaced overseas Filipino workers, as a result of the global crisis, as these workers and their families turn to microenterprise business activities as a means to supplement family income. These increases in demand for microfinance loans, coupled with the reduced supply of microfinance providers resulting from the high rural bank closures in the last 18 months,xiii provide additional incentive for commercial banks, as well as other players, to enter the retail microfinance sector. Risks and Benefits Associated with the Retail Microfinance Market As commercial banks begin to venture into retail microfinance, they face a range of challenges that are specific to the microfinance market. Microfinance is highly specialized. It requires the loan officers to have significantly more personal knowledge of the microclient than is usually required for a client of a traditional loan. It also calls for knowledge of the intrica- Chart  1:  Microfinance  Activity  in  Philippines   Banking  Sector In fact, a recent study by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) assessing the microfinance environment within countriesviii ranked the Philippines first in Asia and third overall on its microfinance index, after Peru and Bolivia. The EIU microfinance index categorized its indicators into three main groups: i) regulatory framework, ii) investment climate, and iii) institutional development. EIU awarded the Philippines a perfect score for its regulation of microfi nance activities at financial institutions, adding that â€Å"the government has promoted a regulatory environment conducive to microfinance operations. ix While the Philippines also received a perfect score for the legal environment surrounding the formation and operation of specialized microfinance institutions, the EIU study highlighted a need to increase the diversity of microfinance products and services available to customers. Until recently, the microfinance industry in the Philippines has been primarily focused on microcredit products. Lately, there has been a broadening of services to include savings and microinsurance, but the portion of microfinance providers in the Philippines that are offering such services remains small. ies related specifically to the needs of rural communities and the different risks inherent to microfinance. Traditional loan officers typically need extensive training before transferring into a microlending environment. xiv Furthermore, commercial b anks may not have the infrastructure in place to reach micro-clients who often live in rural areas. Toward this end, rural banks and NGOs have a competitive advantage in terms of specialized knowledge and necessary infrastructure; therefore, it is not surprising to see commercial banks entering the market through the acquisition of rural banks. Micro-clients are considered to be inherently risky, largely due to their extreme susceptibility to declining economic conditions and lack of information on their creditworthiness. This risk is somewhat mitigated by the use of the group lending methodology and more frequent repayment schedule options. During challenging economic times, institutions engaged in microfinance activity face not only the risk of rising delinquencies, but also the risk of default of other financial institutions with payment or funding obligations to these microfinance institutions. v This particular risk is less of an issue for commercial banks than for other mic rofinance providers, as commercial banks hold sufficient deposits and do not rely on donations or wholesale funding to finance their microfinance activity. In addition, â€Å"credit pollution†, a term used in microfinance to describe when customers borrow from multiple institutions and often use loans from one institution to fund payments on a loan from another institution, is a growing problem in the Philippines microfinance market. This type of â€Å"pollution† appears to worsen as competition increases. As more microfinance players enter the market, micro-clients have more institutions from which to borrow. Because the Philippines has no information sharing vehicle or credit bureau in place, there is nothing to help microfinance providers identify borrowers who might be over-extended across institutions. The Credit Information System Act, which was signed into law on September 1, 2008, should eventually help to address this issue as it calls for the development o f an appropriate credit information system. This should not only help the institutions address credit pollution, but also help micro-clients receive better and more efficient access to credit. Despite these challenges and risks, the entry of commercial banks into the retail microfinance market in the Philippines may hold benefits from both commercial banks’ and micro-clients’ perspectives. The largest attraction from the commercial bank’s perspective is the fact that microfinance loans tend to provide a high margin due to the considerably high interest rates charged. As a result, commercial banks are able to earn a significant return on a small percentage of their portfolio. Moreover, the repayment schedules for microfinance loans tend to be more frequent (the most common repayment option is weekly), and therefore commercial banks may be attracted by the prospect of a faster return on their investment than under a traditional loan contract. Furthermore, mi crofinance clients tend to have higher repayment rates than conventional borrowers. Prior to the global financial crisis, repayment rates of as high as 98% had been cited by the most successful microfinance institutions. vi According to a review conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the â€Å"coexistence of high repayment rates†¦ and higher interest rates (a 30 to 60 percent interest rate is common) in microfinance has â€Å"puzzled† economists†. xvii Various theories offered for this paradox include the inelasticity of the demand for microfinance loans,xviii the use of unconventional calculations for repayment rates and default rates by some microfinance institutions,xix and missing or imperfect labor markets for poor women in developing countries where microfinance activity takes place. x In addition to higher repayment rates, commercial banks may also benefit from diversification by entering a new and growing business line. Micro-clients benefit f rom the entry of commercial banks into the retail microfinance market as increased competition will likely lead to lower costs and more competitive pricing for microloans. Furthermore, some market participants argue that the increased efficiencies often seen in larger commercial banks make them better equipped than rural banks to tap the market’s growth potential by bringing a more diverse range of microfinance products to the market. Currently, microfinance providers are only reaching approximately one-third of total poor households, suggesting that there is room in the market for additional players, such as commercial banks, to reach even more customers. Conclusion The entry of commercial banks into the retail microfinance market is a natural progression in the commercialization of the Philippines’ microfinance industry. Over the last thirteen years, the Philippines has amended its policy and regulatory environment to increasingly support the microfinance industry . Further- ore, although still limited, financial institutions are beginning to offer a broader range of microfinance products and services. However, a substantial portion of the microfinance population remains underserved. The current interest of some commercial banks in embracing retail microfinance may provide this underserved population heightened access to credit. Various players may bring different advantages to that marketplace; for commercial banks it is size and economies of scale, and for rural banks and NGOs it is the specialized knowledge. Ultimately, the provision of retail microfinance by commercial banks could prove to be a milestone in the Philippines’ quest for a more expansive microfinance market. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Website (www. bsp. gov. ph). Exchange rate US$1 = PhP 46. 62 (as of January 29, 2010) iii Philippines Financial Sector Assessment, United Nations Advisors Group on Inclusive Financial Sectors, March 2008. iv   The Trust Bank methodo logy involves group structures of 10 – 30 entrepreneurs, mostly consisting of women, managed by elected leaders in the group. Group members must often undergo business training. v Microfinance in Action: The Philippine Experience, Stephen Daley and Federic Sautet, February 2005. vi National Statistics Office, Republic of the Philippines, 2009 (latest available poverty census data is for 2006). vii Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Website (www. bsp. gov. ph). viii The study covered countries throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. ix â€Å"Global Microscope on the Microfinance Business Environment†, Economist Intelligence Unit, 2009. x Microfinance Focus News, July 2009 (https:// www. icrofinancefocus. com/news). xi Microfinance Risks Abound, BusinessWorld, October 20, 2009 xii BSP approval paves way for BPI mobile microfinance, BusinessWorld, October 13, 2009. xiii Small Bank Closures Trimmed Sector in H1, Philippine Daily Inquirer, No vember 12, 2009. xiv Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Website, Facts About Microfinance (www. bsp. gov. ph). xv Managing Microfinance Risks: Some Observations and Suggestions, Nimal A. Fernando, Asia Development Bank, July 2008. xvi Microfinance: macro benefits, Lennart Bage, https://www. fad. org/events/microcredit/op. htm. xvii The Microfinance Revolution: An Overview, Rajdeep Sengupta and Craig P. Aubuchon, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, January/February 2008. xviii Ibid. xix The Microfinance Promise, Jonathan Murdoch, Journal of Economic Literature, December 1999. xx Microfinance and Missing Markets, Shahe Emran, M. , Morshed, A. K. M. Mahbub and Stiglitz, Joseph E. , March 2007. ii i Contacts: Written by: Walter Yao (walter. [emailprotected] frb. org) and Nkechi Carroll (nkechi. [emailprotected] frb. org) Nkechi Carroll Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Microfinance in Philippines" essay for you Create order

The Freedom Of Speech, And Gun Ownership Rights - 1665 Words

There are a few hot topics that are running around the political world such as homosexual rights, freedom of speech, and gun ownership rights. The Democratic Party is seen to be liberal political party. Looking on my views I do believe to see myself as a more democratic thinker even though there are a few things that do line up with the republican side. With all three of these topics that we are talking about it really makes me realize what all the ups and the dons are with each of these topics. Gun ownership rights that democrats believe in is the individual s right to bear arms. The Democratic views on gun control are centered around the belief that â€Å"the right to own firearms is subject to reasonable regulation† (Understanding). This amendment is an important part of the American tradition and also preserves the Americans second amendment. We believe that the right to own firearms is up to have some regulations behind the laws but also should be left up to the american people. In recent history it shows how awful gun violence can be and the devastating effects it can have on people. â€Å"The Democratic party needs to focus on effective enforcement of existing laws, especially strengthening our background check system. Another thing that we can do is work together to enact commonsense improvements† (OnTheIssues). These commonsense improvements can include reinstating the assault weapons ban and closing the gun show loophole. The democratic party wants to protect Americans’Show MoreRelated1st and 2nd Amendment1723 Words   |  7 Pages1789, The Bill Of Rights was submitted to the states for approval, based on the previous Constitutions insufficient assurances for civil freedom, liberties and justice. Concerned that the Constitution neglected to clearly state the basic civil rights of the citizens of the United States, Anti- Federalists opposed the Articles of Confederations, which gave state governments more authority (â€Å"Bill of Rights, n.d.). 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Political Change The American And French Revolutions And...

Political change is when there is a change in leadership or a change in policy of a government due to a significant disruption such as a social movement or revolution. If the citizens of a country feel that they are being treated unjustly by their rulers, and the rulers think that their ways of governing are satisfactory then a discord is struck and conflict arises between them (Study blue). The main causes of this discord are mostly social issues such as hunger, racism, climate change etc. and/or economic issues like unemployment, poverty, inflation (Study blue). The people frustrated by these social and economic issues trigger movements and revolutions which either influence the government to change their policies or replace the government thus bringing political change. By evaluating prominent and well-known instances of political change from the past, such as the American and French revolutions and the Civil Rights Movement, it becomes clear that political change cannot occur wit hout social and economic upheaval. The contemporary democratic systems of government in the Western world, particularly America and France, emerged near the end of the eighteenth century. The American and French Revolutions and the political changes caused by these play an important role in shaping these democratic systems. In the case of the American Revolution, it was a struggle for independence from British rule in America. The French Revolution took place approximately 10 years later in 1789,Show MoreRelatedCivil Disobedience And The Apartheid1428 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, civil disobedience has been used to bring about change across a wide variety of civil rights issues. 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Proffesional Ethical Analysis Ai Car Manufactring Company - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Proffesional Ethical Analysis Based On Acs Code Of Ethics Case Study Ai Car Manufactring Company. Answer: Introduction Professional ethicscomprise the individual, managerial, and communal values of conduct demonstrated byexperts in their respective fields(Valente, 2014) . According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ethics or moral standards involves the concepts and attainment of what is right or wrong, good or bad, in relation to moral responsibility and duty (Fieser, 2017). Ethics also includes the requirement to behave in harmony with the standards of right and wrong prevailing the behavior of a specific group including lawyers, doctors, IT professionals and more. As such, in ethics, it is crucial to apprehend that a motive is as vital as the act that follows it. Basically, ethics aims at encouraging individuals to do what they know they should do by considering all appropriate sides of an ethical issue, considering elementary ethical values and acting in agreement with the code of guiding your profession. Following, is an introduction of several ethical dilemmas from a case study, propo sed ethical responses with regards to different groups of people, ACS code of ethics requirements application in the case study and a summarized ethical analysis. Ethical dilemma discussion An ethical dilemma, also moraldilemma is a situation in which a person has to make a choice between two selections that are acceptable or preferable, neither of the choices are able to resolve the given situation in an ethically satisfactory manner (YourDictionary, 2017). In this case, John, an Artificial intelligence (AI) consultant, is in an ethical dilemma. He is involved in a machine learning project to design and implement AI systems as a third party for a car manufacturing company. The problem is that the company CEO and managers want to release their product as soon as possible. However, John thinks that the car AI systems need more remodeling to reduce risks. If he insists, he may lose his contract. On the other hand, if he signs the project end and the cars AI system become risky, he may be blamed, which can damage his and companys reputation. Ethical responses to the dilemma: AI Consultant As an IT professional that is guided by morality of right and wrong, John needs to make a decision. On one hand, he can refuse to sign off the project to completion in order to minimize the risks that can harm human life, guided by the code of ethics that aims to enhance the quality of life of the clients. If he does this, he may lose business as the car company may cancel his contract. On the other hand, since the remodeling involves testing issues regarding life and death situations, if remodeling is not done, a lot of people could die as a result. Therefore, the right thing to do is to insist on AI systems to reduce harm in case of accidents with the cars. Car Customers John has been working closely with the company clients in testing out the workings of the AI controlled cars. The car customers can for one decide to buy the cars but this would increase risks and the AI systems malfunctions could harm them. Conversely, if they wait, they may not get the product on time and may buy it at higher prices if it delays because of competition in the market. The ethical thing to do is to wait for remodeling in order to save lives in case of system mal-functionalities. Ethical responses with regards to application principles A member of the ACS body of ethics is governed by the codes they have signed up for. They should ensure to apply this regulations in their work places without fail. No matter the consequences, they should try to implement the rules that govern their professional conduct. The company should apply honesty and let their clients know that the AI controlled cat is not yet ready. This would show they are competent, as it would portray the fact they only release quality products and hence increase potential customers. They should ensure they look into public interest first before considering their own interests. They should also do remodeling to be able to apply professional development. Ethical responses with regards to a caring person As a caring person, John as the person charged with the AI car functions, he should ensure that he doesnt see to the company launching their product. This would prove that he cares about human life. For the customers, they should wait till remodeling is done, this demonstrates that they also care about human life. The CEO and company managers should also wait for more testings to be done, if they prioritize public interests, in this case, their customers and the AI consultant. ACS Code of ethics requirements with regard case study According to the ACS code of ethics, a professional should demonstrate honesty, professionalism, enhancement of quality life, primacy of public interest, competence and professional development (AustralianComputerSociety, 2017). With regards to this case, the CEO and managers should be honest about their product by accepting as true that it is not ready for launching. By wanting to launch their product when it is not yet ready, they are not demonstrating competence and are not highlighting on public interest. They also are not giving room to professional development by doing more remodeling for the AI systems. The car manufacturing company is therefore not upholding the ACS code of ethics. The AI consultant has already demonstrated honesty, competence, public interest and professional development by suggesting further AI systems remodeling. Ethical defense arguments for the AI consultant The ACS code of ethics demands that professionals who are members with the association follow certain rules as far as their skills and professions are concerned. Firstly, the AI consult is abiding by the code. He has reported to the company management that he doesnt think they should release the AI controlled cars. This demonstrates his honesty, competency, care for human life and that he is ready to do more research with further car AI systems makeover which would promote his professional development. By suggesting further AI testings, demonstrates that he cares about human life. This is because he knows that there would be a lot of risks if the cars dont know how to respond to situations that has to do with accidents life and death situations. Summarized case study ethical analysis In summary, as far as ethics and morality is concerned, for the AI consultant, the right thing to do in this case is to wait before signing off the project and advice on doing further car testing and redesigning. This way, he wouldnt have to live with regrets and his reputation as a professional would stand. Caring about public interest is important for the entire community. The ethical thing to do for the CEO and the managers is to heed the advice of the AI consultant. Although their product has been tested over a period of time. It is vital that they do this one more test to reduce the risks involved that could harm the public. The client is also required to be patient until the product is ready for the market, for his safety and for life enhancement of his fellow human beings. Conclusion The right professional conduct is important for all organizations. Work misconduct can make a business fail to achieve its defined business objectives. Employees should always demonstrate expertise in how they do their work and treat people directly attached to their work. By following the right code of ethics, professionals are able to demonstrate their competence and improve business productivity. References AustralianComputerSociety. (2017, August). Australian Computer Society . Retrieved from acs.org: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf Fieser, J. (2017). Ethics. Retrieved from Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy: https://www.iep.utm.edu/ethics/ Valente, L. (2014, August 31). 10 Golden Rules To Professional Ethics In The Workplace. Retrieved from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140831053426-77080879-10-golden-rules-to-professional-ethics-in-the-workplace YourDictionary. (2017). Ethical dilemma. Retrieved from yourdictionary.com: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/ethical-dilemma-examples.html